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The association between benzodiazepine proliferation in the unregulated drug supply and experiences of violence : A gender-based analysis

Swaich, Anmol; Rufus-Sedgemore, Kali; Choi, JinCheol; DeBeck, Kora; Boyd, Jade; Milloy, M-J; Kerr, Thomas; Hayashi, Kanna

2025-12-17

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Rising contamination of illicitly-manufactured benzodiazepines in unregulated opioids in Canada poses concern as their strong sedative effects may increase vulnerability to violence for people who use drugs (PWUD), particularly women. The current study longitudinally examined the relationship between suspected exposure to benzodiazepines (SEB) and violent victimization, assessing for gender differences. Our findings suggest lack of agency over exposure to benzodiazepines, as created by drug supply unpredictability, may exacerbate risk of violence among women who use drugs and PWUD who do not frequently use opioids.