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Virtually the same healthcare is available to all persons in Canada, at no direct cost to patients; yet, financial and social disadvantage continues to be a risk for increased morbidity and mortality. Those with greatest disadvantage, who are homeless or housed in marginal conditions, such as single room occupancy (SRO) hotels, shelters or rooming houses, have increased mortality and decreased life expectancy. Homeless and marginalised populations face accumulating health challenges associated with poverty, substance use, and physical and mental illness.